Valorización de la borra de café a través de trayectorias tecnológicas, implicaciones para la sostenibilidad y tendencias emergentes de aplicación: Una revisión bibliométrica
Valorization of coffee grounds through technological pathways, implications for sustainability and emerging application trends: A bibliometric review
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El creciente volumen de residuos derivados del consumo de café, particularmente la borra de café, representa tanto un desafío ambiental como una oportunidad para su valorización dentro de los marcos de la economía circular. Este estudio busca identificar las principales trayectorias tecnológicas, tendencias de aplicación e implicaciones para la sostenibilidad asociadas a la valorización de la borra de café. Con base en un análisis bibliométrico y una revisión cualitativa en profundidad, se analizaron 304 publicaciones entre 2012 y 2024 de la base de datos Scopus. Los aspectos analizados fueron evolución y consolidación de la investigación a través del tiempo, estructura intelectual y geográfica trayectorias tecnológicas usando el software Bibliometrix 4.0.0. Los resultados revelan cuatro trayectorias tecnológicas principales: aplicaciones basadas en materiales, usos nutracéuticos y agroalimentarios, rutas bioenergéticas y enfoques emergentes de biorrefinería integrada. Las aplicaciones basadas en materiales emergen como la trayectoria dominante en términos de consolidación científica y diversidad de usos, mientras que las aplicaciones nutracéuticas y agroalimentarias destacan por su mayor potencial de valor agregado. Las rutas bioenergéticas siguen siendo relevantes, pero comparativamente menos especializadas en generación de valor, mientras que los enfoques de biorrefinería integrada representan la vía emergente más prometedora debido a su lógica en cascada y eficiencia en el uso de recursos. Los hallazgos muestran que no todas las rutas de valorización contribuyen de igual manera a la sostenibilidad y orientan futuras investigaciones hacia estrategias más integradas, eficientes y de mayor valor para el aprovechamiento de la borra de café.
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